Clinical manifestation
• Latent period
• Regurgitations up to abundant vomit without bile,
• Dehydration
• Malnutrition
• Stomach peristalsis in a form of sand-glass
• Constipation
Gastroesophageal refluxGastroesophageal reflux (GER, chalasia cardiochalasia) denotes relaxation or incompetence of the lower esophagus.
However, in a small percentage of infants reflux continues, producing symptoms that warrant investigation.
Clinical manifestations
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
• Respiratory problems
• Bleeding
Vomiting is the most frequent symptom and in infants is quite forceful.
Reflux of stomach contents to the pharynx predisposes to aspiration and the development of respiratory symptoms, especially pneumonia, Repeated irritation of the esophageal lining with gastric acid can lead to esophagitis and consequently bleeding.
Heartburn is also a frequent symptom in older children who can describe it but may go unrecognized in infants.
Most are classified according to the locations of the supposed anatomic and biochemical defect.
Absorptive defects include those conditions in which the intestinal mucosal transport system is impaired.
Obstructive disorders, such as Hirschsprung's disease, can also cause secondary malabsorption from enterocolitis, chronic inflammation of the distended small and large bowel, megacolon or large colon.
Clinical manifestations
Clinical manifestations vary according to the age.
If the disorder is allowed to progress, other signs of intestinal obstruction, sich as respiratory distress and shock, develop.
The occurrence of explosive, watery diarrhea, fever, and severe prostration is ominous because it ofter signifies the presence of enterocolitis, which greatly increases the risk of fatality.
During childhood, the symptoms include, constipation, passage of ribbon like, foul-smelling stools, abdominal distention, visible peristalsis.
The child is usually poorly nourished, anemic, and hypoproteinemic from malabsorption of nutrients.
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